高分五号大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪甲醛反演可行性分析及初步结果     

王雅鹏  陶金花  程良晓  余超  范萌  张莹  陈元琳  朱莉莉  顾坚斌  陈良富 《遥感学报》2021,25(10):2040-2052

大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪EMI（ Environmental trace gases Monitoring Instrument）是搭载在“高分五号”（GF-5）卫星上的覆盖紫外—可见光波段的光谱仪,用于测量240—710 nm波长范围内的地球后向散射和太阳辐射,旨在量化全球对流层和平流层痕量气体的分布,如臭氧、二氧化氮等。本文关注EMI载荷对大气弱痕量气体甲醛（HCHO）的探测能力,并基于实测数据初步评估EMI HCHO产品的探测能力与精度。研究结果表明EMI的辐照度波长校准精度高,但在不同行之间存在较大的不均匀性,其波长校正的精度与仪器的狭缝函数高度依赖行位置的变化。基于EMI的HCHO反演的结果表明,EMI UV2频段的标称信噪比较低,使得利用差分吸收光谱技术（DOAS）得到的HCHO斜柱浓度SCD（Slant Column Density）存在较大的随机误差和拟合残差。现阶段,评估得到的EMI HCHO斜柱浓度的不确定性为1.2×10¹⁶ molec./cm²。与国际同类载荷TROPOMI（TROPospheric Ozone Monitoring Instrument）、OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）的交叉对比验证结果表明,EMI可以捕捉到中国地区夏季HCHO的空间分布特征。EMI & TROPOMI与EMI & OMI的相关系数均大于0.8。但是在华东地区EMI HCHO普遍高于OMI和TROPOMI,其原因需要进一步研究。本文的研究证明了EMI对夏季HCHO的探测潜力及不足,可为后续类似载荷的指标设计和算法研发提供参考。  相似文献   

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC WATER BALANCE OVER THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE     

David A. Howarth  John N. Rayner 《自然地理学》2013,34(6):513-535

An analysis of the atmospheric water balance over the Southern Hemisphere is conducted for the time period June 1980 through May 1984 that includes the 1982–1983 El Niño event. Notable spatial and temporal variations are evident in the moisture flux divergence fields, in the mean meridional transport of water vapor, and in the moisture content of portions of the tropical atmosphere that are attributable to the 1982–1983 ENSO event. Estimates of the net gain/loss of atmospheric water are provided for 10° latitude belts; although the magnitudes of the differences between evaporation and precipitation fall within the range of previous estimates, they are most probably underestimated. [Key words: atmospheric water balance, El Niño, hydrologic cycle, southern hemisphere, water vapor flux.]  相似文献   

The August 2007 Heat Wave in North Carolina: Meteorological Factors and Local Variability     

《自然地理学》2013,34(3):217-240

August 2007 was an exceptionally warm month across North Carolina. Hundreds of daily maximum and daily high minimum temperature records, as well as numerous all-time temperature records, were either tied or broken during the month. At the same time, a drought of historic proportions overspread much of the Southeast United States. A critical aspect of the August 2007 heat wave was the observed variability in heat and humidity across the different geographic regions of North Carolina. The highest maximum temperatures occurred most frequently in the Piedmont and Sandhills regions, while minimum temperatures were exceptionally high along the coast. The broad-scale pattern of heat can be tied to adiabatic warming associated with subsidence downstream of a persistent upper-level ridge centered over the Mississippi River Valley. Regional to local variations in the heat and humidity across North Carolina are linked to upwind sensible heat fluxes associated with major soil moisture deficits, adiabatic warming connected with downsloping winds off the Appalachian Mountains, and the depth of the mixing layer. Along the coast, the pattern of heat and humidity was tied to the positioning of a mesoscale thermal trough and the presence and strength of the sea-breeze circulation.  相似文献   

Synoptic conditions of heavy snowfalls in Europe     

Ewa Bednorz 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2013,95(1):67-78

Synoptic conditions of heavy snowfalls at four stations in Europe (Oslo, Bremen, Smolensk and Budapest) were analyzed using daily data of snow cover depth from 50 winter seasons (1960/1961–2009/2010). Composite maps of the sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height means and anomalies were presented for the days with an increase in snow depth by ≥10 cm, for each station separately. In the same way, maps were presented for the 850 hPa temperature and the precipitable water content. Additionally, 48 h back trajectories of air masses for the chosen days with the highest amount of snowfall were constructed, using the NOAA HYSPLIT model. Negative anomalies of sea level pressure and 500 hPa heights, which correspond to low‐pressure systems spreading over Europe, are prerequisites for the occurrence of heavy snowfalls at each analyzed location. In Budapest, heavy snowfalls appear as a result of cyclonic cold fronts from the Mediterranean Sea. Another typical location of snow‐bringing low‐pressure systems is the Baltic Sea region. Negative pressure anomalies over the North Atlantic with a low‐pressure centre over the Norwegian Sea cause snowfalls in Oslo. There are two main sources of air masses bringing abundant snowfalls in Europe: the Atlantic region and Mediterranean. According to back trajectories, the humid air masses are transported over long distances and on the way they are shifted from the low troposphere in the source regions to the upper layers.  相似文献   

A new map of the Mitdluagkat glacier—a preliminary report     

Bent Hasholt M.Sc. 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):19-21

Hasholt, Bent: A new map of the Mitdluagkat glacier—a preliminary report. Geografisk Tidsskrift 87: 19–21, Copenhagen June 1987.

A new map covering the whole Mitdluagkat Glacier has been elaborated. The map is based on air photos from Geodetic Institute in scale 1:150,000 taken July 30, 1981. The scale of the new map is 1:20,000 with 10-m contour intervals. Preliminary field tests indicate that the map is so accurate that it might be used for comparative studies of long-term variations in mass balance of the glacier.  相似文献   

Thermal infrared remote-sensing detection of thermal information associated with faults: A case study in Western Sichuan Basin, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wenyuan WuLejun Zou  Xiaohua Shen  Shanlong LuNan Su  Fanli KongYoupu Dong 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):110-117

Using enhanced land surface temperatures (LSTs) image retrieved from Landsat ETM+, this article shows that thermal information associated with faults have been detected. These anomalies may be provided by geothermal natural convection through faults and partially influence the ground surface thermal environment. The study area in southern segment of Longmen Mountains thrust belt of Western Sichuan Basin contains complex faults and folds with recent earthquake activity. In order to study the faults for future oil exploration, we use LST data retrieved from Landsat thermal infrared band to detect the thermal information associated with faults. The LSTs are enhanced by filtering out anthropogenic activity and influence land cover classes, and interpolating to contour map. The spatial patterns of the enhanced images revealed the spatial correspondence between the thermal information and the dip planes of faults when compared with the explanation profiles and geologic features obtained from the 3D-seismic geophysical data. The thermal-affected ranges calculated and the statistically significant of regression model also indicate the result that the thermal information located near the faults are consistent with the faults’ dip planes.  相似文献   

成都经济区近地表大气尘地球化学基线     

施泽明  倪师军  张成江  阚泽忠  葛良全 《地质通报》2012,31(1):90-96

成都经济区近地表大气尘中重金属元素含量空间分布显示,经济区中东部高于西部,北部高于中南部,重工业城市高于综合性城市和旅游城市,工矿影响区元素含量总体偏高,人口密集的平原区高于山区。通过标准极限方法确定了近地表大气尘中元素的“极限浓度”,以低于“极限浓度”值统计确定了地球化学基线值：As为28.6mg/kg 、Hg 0.63mg/kg 、Cd 2.94mg/kg、Cr 110mg/kg、Pb 281mg/kg、Ni 32mg/kg、Zn 535mg/kg。近地表大气尘中元素地球化学基线与区域地质背景和矿产开发有关,矿业活动、工业活动及居民生活是造成近地表大气尘中人为扰动元素含量偏高的主要原因。  相似文献   

工业γ射线探伤机辐射环境影响调查及评价     

余西垂  陈志平 《铀矿地质》2012,28(2):124-128

从探伤机工作原理、有关标准规范、辐射环境影响等方面,结合某企业γ射线探伤机周围空气比释动能率实测数据,分析评价了射线探伤机使用过程中对周围环境的辐射影响程度和影响范围,提出相应的辐射安全管理及辐射防护措施。  相似文献   

基于统一高度Cressman方法的地面2m气温客观分析          下载免费PDF全文

朱文刚  李昌义  车军辉 《海洋气象学报》2021,41(2):138-148

针对离散站点资料格点化的业务需求及 Cressman 方法在地形复杂区域客观分析存在的问 题,利用山东及周边省自动气象站观测的 2 m气温和 ECMWF预报的海上 2 m气温,结合山东省中尺度数值预报位温递减率、90 m分辨率 SRTM高程数据,采用统一高度 Cressman 方法对山东省地面2 m气温进行客观分析,生成了逐 1 h、0.01°×0.01°高分辨率的地面 2 m气温格点产品。结果表明,统一高度 Cressman 方法的客观分析格点产品在地形复杂区域的分析更合理,月平均误差基本在±1 ℃以内,鲁中山区地形高度较高区域月平均误差略大于鲁西北、鲁西南、鲁东南和山东半岛等地的平原地区,气温偏低的10、11、12月温度准确率均略低于 5、6、7、8、9 月;2020 年 5—12 月平均误差为－0.0039 ℃,平均绝对误差为 0.1469 ℃,均方根误差为 0.3597 ℃,2 ℃以内准确率为 99.64%,1 ℃以内准确率为 98.24%,各项检验指标均较优。总体上统一高度 Cressman 客观分析格点产品质量接近中国气象局陆面数据同化系统（ HRCLDAS ）高分辨率格点实况产品。  相似文献   

2017年春季长江口-东海连续体pCO2的空间分布特征及其控制因素          下载免费PDF全文

李德望  林华  陈思杨  王斌  王奎  王尧  马云龙  金海燕  陈建芳 《海洋学研究》2021,39(4):52-62

厘清河口-陆架连续体的碳源/汇机制是认识海洋在“碳中和”中作用的重要基础。本研究基于2017年春季长江口-东海的走航CO2分压(pCO2)及温、盐等资料,分区域阐述春季长江口-东海连续体pCO2的空间分布格局,半定量解析水团分配、有机质生产及降解等过程对pCO2的控制作用。结果表明：水团来源是决定春季长江口-东海连续体pCO2分布及碳源/汇格局的主要因素,而有机质生产或者降解可强烈影响长江口-东海连续体碳源/汇格局。春季长江口门及浙江沿岸受长江径流影响而具有较高的pCO2,碳源强度可达5.36mmol·m-2·d-1;研究区域北部和东部分别受冲淡水及黑潮表层水的影响,表现为大气碳汇,北部碳汇强度为-15.44mmol·m-2·d-1。2017年春季研究区域平均碳通量为-6.73mmol·m-2·d-1。端元混合模型结果表明陆源有机质降解导致河口pCO2增加了约200μatm,促使春季河口由大气CO2的弱汇转变为碳源;陆架区域在仅考虑水团分配下同样为碳汇,而藻华过程进一步降低了pCO2(下降144μatm),增强了其碳汇能力。  相似文献